Management and Team Environment Written

Why is it essential to evaluate on what your team needs and wants to achieve? Creating a focus around team needs and design goals and asking, as well as answering the hard design questions as a team is an effective way of coalescing a team around one design direction. How is the ground rules for team operations made in your workplace and tasks and responsibilities shared? Ground rules must be clear, consistent, agreed-to, and followed.Where articulated ground rules are missing, natural behavior patterns often emerge spontaneously. * We intend to develop personal relationships to enhance trust and open communication. * We value constructive feedback. We will avoid being defensive and give feedback in a constructive manner. List some of the personal rewards and simulation offered to team members acknowledging their excellent performance. * Basic to advanced job-related computer software training to employees. In-house management and supervisory training to all supervisors/managers acro ss departments, including programs ranging from conflict management to grammar skills.* Employees are exposed to work that is award winning and cutting edge as evidenced by the numerous awards continuously received. Also, new employees have a unique opportunity to work with proven leaders in their respective fields. What are some of the challenges you have faced when you tried to bring innovation in your team? Increased effectiveness and efficiencies; * Delivering fresh thinking and new ideas; * Creating synergies across different functions; * Product and service development. 1. With examples explain how external factors contribute innovation in teams. * Management * Manpower * Machine * material and * political * enviroment * socia-cultural * technological and * Ecological Factors Affecting Management Functions at of Mcdonald’s McDonalds is known worldwide and is now in 122 countries with over 22,500 restaurants throughout.To create the successful business that McDonalds has created, there is an excellent foundation of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. These are the four functions of management. However, there are many factors that affect these four functions. They are affected by internal and external factors. They are also affected by globalization, technology, innovation, diversity and ethics. The McDonalds management teams use delegation to deal with the different factors to control the four functions of management on a daily business to keep McDonalds successfully running.No comments PART 2 Case study Analyse the factors you believe led the problems in the bearing assembly team: One of the greatest challenges a leadership has is in moving his or her team though the various team development stages. If a manager has no, or little experience of teams and team dynamics then taking over a team and then leading that team can be a very stressful experience. Every manager should know what the various growth stages are of a developing team and they should know how best to move the team through these stages with the minimum of fuss and stress.Unfortunately, many managers do not get the necessary training or coaching in this area of team development and as such teams go through a lot of stress and turmoil when perhaps this could be minimised quite considerably. He should have encouraged each team member to do likewise. Ensured that the team had a set of rules and guidelines and that the team had an input into how these rules are formed and agreed. Rodney should have gone over again the agreements made by the team during the forming stage and ensured that the understanding is uniform across the team.The role of Rodney was to ensure that this calm continues and that any behaviours that arised that would have been threaten the calm are channelled in the right direction. Also the leadership has an important role in conveying information particularly in relation to the successes that are starting to occur within the team. He sh ould have been spending a lot of time with individual team members coaching them and supporting them to develop their capabilities that relate to the individual's team role and the tasks that they have to perform in relation to the team goals.What specific steps can Rodney take to help the team through this crisis Rodney, as a leadership should have ensured that the team meets and understands the team goals, the roles they have to take on and the rules by which they have to play. He should have let the team bleed a little and then began the healing process by facilitating their coming together. He should lessen the direction and spent time with individuals starting to coach them in relation to their roles within the team and the tasks that they had to perform.

Great Gatsby Coming of Age Novel Essay

The novel the Great Gatsby isn’t your classical coming of age novel at least for the most part. This is because Nick Caraway is the only character who actually ends up changing by the end of the novel. Furthermore coming of age novels refer to a character(s) that pass the rite of passage in order to enter manhood or womanhood. Therefore this novel is about the growth of maturity. The story begins with Nick attending dinner at the Buchannan house. Nick was at first very impressed and fascinated with the beauty, glamour, and wealth of Daisy and Tom. This can be seen in the quote â€Å"Their house was even more elaborate than I expected† (Fitzgerald, pg.6). This point of view is oblivious and is unaware of the saying â€Å"it’s not what’s on the outside but what’s on the inside. However this point of view drastically changed by the end of the novel. By the end of the novel Nick can no longer even bare to stand the sight of Tom or Daisy, let alone shake their hands. This is best seen with the quote â€Å"What’s the matter, Nick? Do you object to shaking hands with me? Yes. You know what I think of you.† This is because Tom told Mr. Wilson to go and kill Gatsby because he had been the person driving the car. Furthermore he can’t stand Daisy because even though she loved Gatsby she retreated behind Tom and let Gatsby take the hit for her. This resulted in Gatsby’s death and later his funeral to which neither Daisy nor Tom attended. The strongest representation of Nick’s growing maturity is the fact that he realises that Tom and Daisy are both weak and gutless people. This understanding was only obtained when Nick looked for what was on the â€Å"inside†. The quote â€Å"They are careless people, Tom and Daisy- they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is really powerful and Fitzgerald is warning others about people who are like this. The novel The Great Gatsby may not be a coming of age novel but it is a  pretty darn good book about growing in maturity, following your dreams, and fighting for love. Unfortunately Nick is the only character who actually realised this and learned from it.

A Song Analysis by Walt Whitman

The poem, A Song, by Walt Whitman appears in Leaves of Grass. This edition collection of poems appeared in 1867. It is the workshop for the other versions that followed. â€Å"A Song† is not as well-known as some of Whitman’s other songs. This one like many of his poems celebrates comradeship and nature. It appears in the Calamus section of the 1867 book. It does not appear in later additions. The poem praises the soldiers who fought for America’s freedom. The emphasis on comradeship grows throughout the four stanzas. It starts with life-long love grows to manly love and ends with high-towering love. He uses lots of images from nature as well including â€Å"trees along the rivers,† â€Å"along the shores,† â€Å"all over the prairies. † This emphasis of the water is no coincidence as ships and those that worked on them fascinated Whitman. He loved ride the ferries and spend time along the East River in New York state. His patriotic side shines through this poem too with phrases like â€Å"the continent indissoluble,† â€Å"divine magnetic lands,† â€Å"O Democracy. † His ideals of a united nation present in the poem, contrast with the country as it really was, with racial problems and disputes between the North and South. This ideal grew out of his visits with wartime veterans after seeing the harm that segregation did to the country. At very young age, this ideal emerged through his friendship with Tom Paine, who wrote Common Sense. Whitman wrote this poem shortly after the Emancipation Proclamation produced the freedom that many questioned could ever occur. Keats, Bryant, and Emerson inspired much of his poetry and followed their examples especially in his newer editions of Leaves of Grass. In â€Å"A Song,† music tries to ring through the words. Whitman was a master at matching images with musical sounds. The reader can almost hear the river through the trees or the song of the prairies. In the poem, his love for music reaches out to people. Music is universal and brings people of all races together. Whitman seems to say that through song all nations can achieve these things. By replacing the â€Å"I† in this poem with songs or song, the reader sees how important song and music became to Whitman. Whitman was largely self-taught learning his trade as a teenager. He worked in a print shop. He learned much about journalism and grew to love writing in all its forms. Among other things, he was a schoolteacher, a journalist, an editor. He also wrote fiction and essays.

Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pros and Cons of Globalization - Essay Example Globalization has significantly affected the business environment such that the level of interconnectedness or interdependence between different markets has sharply risen. They also believe that the effect globalization has gone beyond the business aspect, since the dramatic increase in international trade and finance has helped establish more profound cultural exchanges that in turn increased the impact of global issues at the local scale (Waters 2001). Historically, globalization resulted in the faster rate of increase in international trade and flow of capital including foreign direct investment in a country. Furthermore, there is the notable increase in the market share attributed to corporations that have established global presence ("Computer Desktop Encyclopedia" 2005). As globalization progressed, experts also observed that living conditions, as gauged by broader indicators of well-being, have been enhanced in most countries ("Globalization: Threat or Opportunity" 2000).

Personal and Managerial Effectiveness Assignment - 1

Personal and Managerial Effectiveness - Assignment Example embraces responsibility for action’s of a firm and encourages through its overall activities a positive impact on consumers, stakeholders, environment, employees, and various other members who belong to public sphere. In 1960s the term corporate social responsibility gained its importance and was used by many firms to cover moral and legal responsibilities. Proponents often argue that corporate social responsibility activities facilitate long term profits for a firm while some critics often state that CSR distracts a firm from its economic role. It can be stated that CSR is a management concept that enables firm to integrate environmental and social concerns. This is a procedure through which a firm strikes balance between social, economic and environmental imperatives. The CSR policy is a mechanism through which shareholder’s expectations are successfully met and even stakeholders are satisfied. Tesco Plc is a retailer of general merchandise and multinational grocery t hat has its headquarters in United Kingdom. Through its effective strategies Tesco has been able to create a unique position in the market. It is the market leader in terms of selling grocery in UK. The company has its stores spread across 12 countries. Corporate Social Responsibility forms an integral part of the business operations of Tesco. It donates a desirable percentage of its profit margins towards local community or charitable organizations. The company not only considers societal benefits but also implements strategies that safeguard the environment. It has always given importance to CSR activities much beyond the business interests. According to Freeman and Velamuri (2006), Corporate Social Responsibility possesses permeated management theory and practice and can be considered to be the latest management fad. There has been an uneven integration of CSR into business process. Most firms consider CSR policy to be a tool that reduces operational costs and risk. There is only certain

Critique Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique Paper - Essay Example The problem here is that this erosion of faith, according to the article, implies a general erosion in the notion of faith as something that binds people together with the rest of society. Implicitly the article says that without a basic faith in humanity what will happen to society? This is an insider’s look at what the writer sees as a disaster in the making. By insider is meant someone who is looking at life from the point of view of someone who has faith and who knows it to be fundamentally good thing, something very important that young people are missing out on, and consequently can lead society towards dark and sad paths: e.g. religious intolerance, hatred and distrust of others, the breakdown of social structures that all depend on people having faith in the basic goodness of social institutions and of others. The problem is that young people who do not have this insider’s view of the goodness of faith naturally will not trust one who is, because as the article notes, young people distrust religious organizations, and maybe even all kinds of religious talk too. There is thus something that operates like a deep chasm between the insider who sees faith as a good thing and a random young person who sees faith, organized religion, talk of god, and any language that hints at religion and spirituality as things to be discarded and thrown out (Sonenshine). On the other hand, the picture is not all completely bleak and hopeless. Looking at the stats for instance, while a large portion of young people distrust religion, a greater majority are still within the bounds of religion, and are insiders who have that basic trust in the religions they are in. About 70 percent are affiliated. Focusing on the bright side, moreover, there are many stories that highlight an advance in the consciousness of young people, towards inclusion and towards a greater faith not just in their own religion but in the religion

African American Artist outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

African American Artist outline - Essay Example Her mother did embroidery. Her father, a repair person and steelworker, jumped at the chance to tinker. An uncle was an artistic work painter. According to her authority site, Renee Stout experienced childhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and gained her BFA from Carnegie Mellon University in 1980. She started to investigate her African American legacy in 1985, when she moved to Washington, D.C. all around the African Diaspora, and in addition the world and her natures domain. Stout finds the motivation to make works that energize examination toward oneself, reinforcing toward herself and recovering toward oneself, bridling the conviction frameworks of African people groups and their descendants. Additionally, Stout utilization nonexistent characters to make a mixture of work of art, some of which incorporate: painting, blended media model, photography and establishment. Stout’s works portray some African influences. For instance, her artistic impacts incorporate Yoruba figure, and the nkisi consecrated items of the Central African Congo Basin. Other significant subjects in her work frequently incorporate Haitian Vodou, the space and society of New Orleans and the creole Voodoo specialist Marie Laveau. In a meeting led by Dr.o in her book Tales of the Conjure Woman, she affirms that keeping in mind the end goal to open the discussions, in regards to the set of relatives of African American society, she will keep rousing her takes a shot at topics, for example, African-determined profound conviction frameworks and Hodoo. She additionally concedes to needing to "possess a peculiar space inside the workmanship world- -a place that has more potential outcomes, both in vitality and spirit. She has taken part in various presentations including a few displays at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. what is more at the De Beyerd Museum in the Netherlands. Her work is in various accumulations such as National Gallery of Art. In 2012 she

Business story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business story - Essay Example Jose found the carcass of the second dog, which had been killed subsequent to being run over by a car. Jose took the carcass to Ahmed who refused to pay for the carcass. Fatima, Ahmed's sister, found the third dog and gave it to Ahmed, who refused to pay her anything whatsoever. Since, one of the dogs was dead and as two dogs would be unable to pull the cart, Ahmed placed posters around the city cancelling the promise of a reward. Susan not noticing the leaflets of revocation returned the dog she found to Ahmed, who refused to pay her anything. The relevant legal position in this respect is that unilateral contracts are one-sided contracts where someone makes a promise in return for an act. In Balfour v. Balfour there was no intention, hence there was no contract though they lived together1; further, in Merritt v. Merritt there was no intention and the parties were not living together, hence, there was no valid contract2. The facts of this case are that The Carbolic Smoke Ball Co placed an advertisement in a newspaper, which stated that a 100 reward would be paid by it to any person getting infected by influenza, colds or any disease resulting from the common cold. After having used the ball three times daily for two weeks according to the printed directions supplied with each ball, an amount of 1000 would be deposited with the Alliance Bank, Regent Street. Mrs Carlill bought the ball and duly caught flu. The company refused to pay, stating that it was not an offer, but a mere advertising publicity stunt. The Court held that the advertisement was a genuine offer, which could be accepted by using the Smokeball and catching flu. Intention was demonstrated by the deposition of money in the bank4. However, if the offeree has commenced performance of the act then the offer cannot be revoked without providing a reasonable opportunity to complete the offeror's requirements. In Abbott v Lance it was held that acceptance must rely upon the offer5. The Cases Williams v Carwardine6 and R v Clarke7, also illustrate this point. The advertisement indicated the promisor's intention to commit himself legally. Susan incurred expenditure and expended her valuable time in searching for these dogs. The first issue to be determined is the effect of Ahmed's advertisement. The decision in Carlill v Carbolic Smokeball Company was that the offer of a unilateral contract can be made by an advertisement and to revoke it the offeror must use a method of communication, which reaches most if not all of the people who had viewed this offer8. The law generally insists on identifying an offer and acceptance as the basis for the existence of a contract. An offer indicates the terms on which an offeror intends to be bound. Offers must be distinguished from invitations to treat or deal, negotiations and auctions. Offers can be made to individuals, a number or class of people or to the world at large. An offer to the world at large usually takes place in reward contracts which are a major application of the concept of unilateral contracts. An offer can be terminated by rejection, counter offers, revocation - unless required conduct has begun - , lapse of a reasonable period of time or in the event of death of the offeror. To prevent revocation of an offer, an

Feminist Film Criticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Feminist Film Criticism - Essay Example The movie stars Zhang Ziyi, as the female protagonist Nitta Sayuri2, who, through a relentless desire to achieve her one and only goal in life3, has made it to the peak of her pursuit to be a geisha and eventually to become the mistress of the oki-ya4. The social position of the geisha is best described as something peculiar to the society of its source. This is so because their status in the traditional civilization is to some extent considered as indeterminate. This undefined portrayal of a geisha was successfully clarified in the film. As manifestly illustrated in the film, a geisha was given an unsurpassed status in the Japanese society. It evidently gave justice to the frequently mistaken position of a geisha with respect to their status in the populace. More often than not, a geisha is mistakenly perceived and identified as a "prostitute". However, this misconception was effectively dismissed as the film nearly reached its conclusion. The viewers correspondingly learned that a geisha is far more different from a prostitute. Although seen as somewhat rundown, the oki-ya is viewed as a house having significantly acceptable structure in the society. Comparatively similar to a boarding house, oki-ya is where the geisha and the geisha trainees stay and settle. As seen in the movie, a Geisha House is not as terrible and horrific as that of a brothel house where prostitutes are maintained. Its social structure as traditionally acknowledged in the Japanese culture gives a clear view how oki-ya is boldly accepted in the society. One becomes a geisha after an extensive training from the time she enters the oki-ya where she eventually turns into an apprentice, serving the mistress of the house by doing the domestic chores. Sayuri entered the oki-ya at the age of nine (9) and started as a servant for the "mother" of the house and to Hatsumomo5, the only geisha in the house. She was then prepared and trained to become a geisha with Pumpkin in a training school, learning the arduous arts of a geisha, which include, among others, dance and music; elaborate make-up of pale white faces and their enthralling red lips; wearing the kimono, pouring sake to reveal just a slight touch of the inner wrist, and the remarkable struggle with jealous rivals for the attention of men of the higher class. As the American anthropologist Dalby stated in her book, a geisha's position in the society is unavoidably vague. She wrote: "(m)arked as [a geisha] is by both high and low prestige, the Geisha and her place in Japanese culture remain elusively ambiguous." [172] The fundamental role of a geisha is to entertain men in business and politics in Japan. They were trained to function as the very amusing and gracious hostess, usually, in an important gathering which prominent men would throw. An essential part of bringing entertainment is through music and dancing where they show their talents as developed by the extensive training they underwent. "Each geisha is highly accomplished in particular skills such as playing the koto, dancing or singing, but they all train for years in the more general arts of caring for their guests (or, strictly speaking, clients). [Hendry, Taylor and Francis, 201] The geisha house or the oki-ya is controlled by

Role of Johnathan Edwards on First Great Awakening Essay

Role of Johnathan Edwards on First Great Awakening - Essay Example During his final years he was in charge of a boarding school where he preached the Indian boys. He died from smallpox in 1758, five weeks after he was inaugurated as the President of the College of New Jersey (â€Å"Jonathan Edwards†). The First Great Awakening Religious renewal The First Great Awakening was a movement that revitalized Christianity in the American colonies during the third and fourth decades of the eighteenth century. The impact was particularly felt in New England. The movement was caused by certain Christians who began to protest against the traditional mode of worship. It was generated by intense preaching from theologians like Jonathan Edwards which encouraged the avid listeners to disassociate from established rituals. They could feel a new sense of spiritual sincerity and their prayers were intensified by deep emotions (â€Å"Basic Concepts of the First Great Awakening†). Cause of the movement The glorious revolution of 1688 brought an end to the fights between different religious and political groups in England. The Church of England became the most important church of the country. People began to practice only one religion as the other religions like Catholicism, Judaism, and Puritanism were suppressed. Although this created religious stability but there was lack of fervor among the worshippers. Religion became a set of rituals to be followed without deep faith in the heart and soul. This state of complacency continued for several decades in England and American colonies before the First Great Awakening brought a religious renewal in the second quarter of the eighteenth century (â€Å"Basic Concepts of the First Great Awakening†). First Revivals in 1733-35 The roots of the First Great Awakening grew when a terrible earthquake struck on October 29, 1927 in New England. This led to wide-spread spiritual awakenings among the general people which paved the way for future revivals. The massive impact of the event and thi rty sermons regarding the earthquake that were published shook the spiritual complacency among the believers. As an immediate effect of the earthquake people began to crowd in churches to seek for salvation through Christ. The pastors began to preach the benefits of revival. Haverhill’s church became the largest center for revival after the earthquake where many fervent meetings were held with the churches of Bradford and Massachusetts. Pastor John Brown wrote in a letter that 154 people most of whom were youths came to him for â€Å"full membership, baptism, or renewal of their baptismal covenant† (Kidd, 10). Many people who had committed grave sins came to the church with deep faith to seek salvation. Brown however did not believe that the earthquake was the only cause of the start of revival, as he saw new interests for religion in his congregation in the spring of the same year. The next revival came in a â€Å"Time of great Security† with no external provoc ations like natural disasters. This was the revival generated by Jonathan Edwards in Northampton in 1734-35. Although George Whitefield was the most important preacher of that era, Edwards was the â€Å"greatest American articulator of the evangelical view of God, man and revival† (Kidd, 10-13). In April of 1734, a young man died within two days of being attacked by Pleurisy. Soon after that a young married woman died who seemed to have been blessed with God’

“Death of a Salesman” by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller Essay Death of a Salesman â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller is a narration about American society, its expectations and attitudes that shape people’s lives. It is told through the lives of a salesman Willy, his family and several other people who, in some way, have an impact on them. Willy, who falls into his imaginary word of the past frequently during the day, is regretful for some of his actions in the past that ‘prevented’ him of becoming rich. Now, he wants his sons to succeed who are in their 30s and are of different characters. Although the genre of the play is realism, the author uses attributes of surrealism that help in developing the story. The protagonist of the play has an imaginary word that reminds him of his past; thus helping the audience to see the motives of his or his family’s current actions. The play starts when Willy has already gotten into a trouble because of dreaming while driving which suggests that the play is not about an ordinary person. For the reader, the shift from reality to dreams of Willy is sometimes warned by the long speech of his or by the reaction of the people around him. As for the audience, there are visual effects that the author recommends for the play in order to illustrate his story clearly. â€Å"†¦ in the scenes of the past these boundaries are broken, and the characters enter or leave a room stepping â€Å"through† a wall onto the forestage†. Moreover, the play is full of symbols and diverse characters. The ‘new† critic would notice the significance of the names. Some of the names of the characters reflect to their personalities; such as the name of the younger son of Willy whose name is Happy and he is careless and self-assured. Biff (which also means a hit, a clout), is the elder son who has a troubled relationship with his father. He goes against his father’s wish of getting a prestigious job in New York since he finds himself unfit for it. In contrary to his father, he finds his strength and self-esteem in the end of the play. However, the marxist critic would notice the positions and actions of the rich and poor. Uncle Ben who visits Willy’s imaginary world time to time is the brother of his. He became rich after he went to Alaska, and this continues to disturb Willy throughout the play and has a huge impact on his behavior because he had overlooked the chance. Also, Willy faced the bitter truth when he got fired from his job. Although, he had worked f or the company for thirty-four years, he received no sympathy when he asked to stay and work in the town he lived in and be paid a small amount of salary. Consequently, he was worried that his sons won’t think of him good and nobody will remember him. â€Å"†¦Because he thinks I am nothing, see, and so he spites me. But the funeral, Ben, that funeral will be massive! They’ll come from Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont†¦ -I am known, Ben, and he’ll see it with his eyes once and for all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The feminist critic would observe the behavior and the status of Linda who is the wife of Willy and how she was portrayed. She is caring and patient with Willy. All through the play, she takes the side of her husband and encourages him. She is also presented as humble and tolerable towards their financial and social status. The only thing she dreams of is paying off the house mortgage and the bills so they can enjoy a free life. Despite these ‘perfectâ₠¬â„¢ traits, Linda is passive in her actions and lacks of understanding some situations and her husband’s behavior. After the suicide of Willy, she says, â€Å"Why did you do it? I search and search †¦I can’t understand it. I made the last payment on the house today†¦We are free and clear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Possibly, Willy’s suicide is part of the consequence of her character. In this play, Arthur Miller introduces a society by developing a story about a salesman and involving several other people. Ironically, those people have some impact on Willy’s fate and his family. Biff loses his self-confidence and drive when he discovers his father with ‘the woman’. He fails math class which becomes the foundation of his future failures and career choices. There is also Willy’s neighbor and his son Bernard who is a friend to Biff and a foil to Willy. However, nothing is told about Bernard’s life until Willy loses his job and meets Bernard on his way to borrow some money from his father. The author lines the scenes and the actions in a way that support in showing the psychological and emotional effects on Willy and Biff. Willy wonders how Bernard became successful, but his son is still struggling and they were childhood friends. Here Bernard ‘reminds’ him of the math class which Biff failed and refused to continue after discovering his father with another woman. Although Uncle Ben is Willy’s brother who shows up in his imagination and gets into a conversation with him, his replies to Willy are more likely Willy’s own answers and opinions about himself. The fact that he could not become more than a traveling salesman and be known and respected is haunting Willy throughout his life. The author tries to show that Willy’s desires and attitude towards life had an effect on those around him and the other way around; the people around him had an impact on his actions and fate. Consequently, this is how a society behaves.

Facebook Case Essay Example for Free

Facebook Case Essay It has been almost one year since Mark Zuckerberg decided to take his social media site public. Created on the dream of making the world more open and connected, Mark has devoted the past ten years to making that dream come true. Starting while still in college with a product called Facemash, Mark saw the potential for connecting people through the internet. He has devoted his entire adult life to Facebook which took six years to become profitable. Facebook quickly overtook competitors such as MySpace and became the social square of a global village. The user numbers grew exponentially and soon outnumbered the populations of many countries. The resulting global village was seen as ripe for advertising, profiteering, and soap-boxing. Through the growth, Mark was able to maintain and spread a sense of information democracy. All voices and opinions had equal pull and could reach audiences previously inaccessible. Formerly repressed people had an accessible outlet to outsiders. The simultaneous development of the smartphone industry provided portable and affordable platforms for Facebook everywhere. But what is all of this social capital worth? In 2011 an investor purchased a 1% stake in Facebook for $500 Million, which set Facebook’s net worth at $50 Billion. A year later when deciding to take the company public, Facebook negotiated an IPO price of $38 per share for a total company value of $104 Billion dollars. Many were skeptical that a social media company with few physical assets and no physical products was actually worth over $100 Billion. In fact, Facebook’s IPO was the highest initial value of any newly offered company. Mark himself was uneasy and not openly supportive of the jump to IPO. It was not a strategic business decision but rather a necessity based on the SEC’s rules (Facebook, Inc, 2013). Investors and users alike wondered how Facebook would maintain its dominance in the future, and ensure increasing shareholder wealth. Speculation ran wild that Facebook would begin to charge for its traditionally free service. Mark Zuckerberg had to do massive media campaigns on his own platform to regain control of Facebook’s image. The investors were right to be concerned. Facebook (FB) stock lost 35% ercent of its value in the first 10 days of public trade, and to date has not recovered to the initial stock price of $38 per share. Zuckerberg has a history of leaving investors hanging, and even stood up many investors for an entire day in Boston (Gandel, 2012). Mark has more pressure than ever to develop new revenue streams through his Facebook platform to appease shareholders without push ing users away to the ever growing number of competitor social media sites. Mark has stated multiple times that profits are not his primary goal. Now he has to make shareholders happy. Company amp; Management: Facebook headquarters is located in Menlo Park, California. Located in the heart of the US tech world, they are well positioned to attract top talent and stay abreast of all industry occurrences and trends. They have about 10 offices within the United States and more than 20 offices worldwide. Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook in 2004 and post IPO is Chairman, CEO, and owns 57% of shareholder voting power. Sheryl Sandberg is Chief Operating Officer of the company. Sheryl serves on more than four boards including ONE and the Walt Disney Company. She was formerly the Chief of Staff for the United States Department of the Treasury under the Clinton Administration. She also worked previously as economist for the World Bank. Her responsibilities for Facebook vary from marketing and business development to legalities and human resources for the company (Facebook3, 2013). Facebook’s Chief Financial Officer is David Ebersman. He came from working at Genentech as their Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President. Rounding off the management team, the Chief Technology Officer and Vice President of Engineering is Mike Schroepfer (Facebook2, 2013). He comes from Mozilla, where he served as Vice President of Engineering and was instrumental in the development of the Firefox software. The board of directors for Facebook is responsible for the interests of the shareholders and oversees the management of the company. The purpose of management and the board of directors is to fulfill Facebook’s mission of making the world more open and connected. These responsibilities can be at odds with one another. Mark has stated publicly and paraphrased in the 2013 SEC filing that profits are not the main goal, and that he will steer the company owards long term innovation over short term gains. Facebook’s board is comprised of nine members. Two of these nine members are from within Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, and Sheryl Sandberg. The remaining seven board members are employed at various organizations across the country. Marc Andreessen, Co-founder, and General Partner of Andreessen Horowitz (board member since June 2008) Jim Breye r, Partner at Accel Partners and one of Facebook’s first major investors (board member since April 2005) Susan Desmond-Hellmann, Chancellor of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) (board member since March 2013) Donald E. Graham, Chairman, and CEO of The Washington Post Company (board member since March 2009) Reed Hastings, Chairman, and CEO of Netflix (board member since June 2011) Erskine Bowles, President Emeritus at The University of North Carolina (board member since September 2011) Peter Thiel, Partner at the Founders Fund (board member since April 2005). Original Facebook investor and founder of PayPal (Facebook3, 2013). Facebook grew from 3200 employees in December 2011 to 4619 employees in December 2012. These employees are distributed across the approximately 30 worksites. The Facebook tagline for employees is â€Å"we don’t have rules, we have values† (Facebook6, 2013). The company has a variety of job areas; such as technical staff, sales and marketing, general, and administrative personnel, software engineers, and product designers (Facebook, Inc, 2013). Between 2011 and 2012 there was a 73% growth in engineering, design, and product management hiring; while at the same time there was a 19% increase employees supporting global sales, business development, and customer service jobs. History of Facebook: Facebook began as Facemash in 2003. Facemash was a social rating system for Mark’s Harvard classmates. Members were able to look at two peoples photos and rate them either ‘hot’ or ‘not’. However, the photos were not obtained consensually and the site was shut down. Though short lived, Facemash provided insight that people really enjoyed using the internet to look at photos of friends. In early 2004, Thefacebook. com was launched with a mission to connect people across the university. Three hundred university students were invited to use the site, and within twenty-four hours, more than 1,200 had signed up. This exponential growth drew the attention of other IT inventors and entrepreneurs. By June 2004, Sean Parker co-founder of Napster, and Peter Thiel founder of PayPal had joined forces with Facebook. At year end, Facebook had reached 1 million users. Facebook user growth focused exclusively on college campuses (Zeevi, 2013). In 2005, Accel partners invested $12. 7 million while user-ship continued to expand globally amongst students. Prior to September 2006, Facebook only allowed students and certain company employees (including Apple and Microsoft) to sign up. On September 26, 2006, Facebook became open to anyone over the age of 13 that had an email address. This not only allowed for an explosion of growth but the development of business pages and a new form of advertisement. The growth continued steadily and in September of 2009 Facebook finally became cash flow positive (Zeevi, 2013). By 2011 Facebook was completely mainstream and an important focus for business owners and marketers. The same year they partnered with Skype to allow video chat, and continued updating the look and functionality of the site. Facebook acquired mobile photo-editing company Instagram prior to their IPO in May 2012. Facebook’s move from private to public was not a strategic business decision but mandatory by the Security and Exchange Commission law. Since going public Facebook has tested and launched several new revenue generating service streams, cognizant of shareholder expectations. Currently the site hosts 50 million pages, 10 million applications, and 300+ million photos (Facebook8, 2013). Facebook Products and Services: Facebook has three main customer groups: users, software developers, and marketers. It has developed certain products and services to create value for each group and maximize their interconnectivity. Facebook has also been careful that the products for certain customers, namely developers, do not cannibalize on business from other customer groups. One of Facebook’s fears is that its developer friendly platforms will allow users to view the same content on third party sites. The delivery method for Facebook’s products and services is via the internet over any computer, laptop, or tablet. Recently Facebook has been focusing on expanding their mobile availability. Most smartphone platforms in the US have access to the Facebook application. Products for users include personal or business pages, events, groups, photo and video sharing, messaging, graph search, and news feeds. Pages allow companies, organizations, groups, or individuals to be visible within the Facebook community with a unique profile. Users have control over the information they share and who they share it with. Many businesses have pages in hopes of gaining an outside interest and understanding their customers. Updates to pages are posted in the newsfeed of a person who has â€Å"liked† that page. An algorithm determines whom the user interacts the most with and makes those updates more easily accessible. A new feature is the ability to mark a user as an acquaintance rather than a friend. This has given users more control over their privacy. The events product allows a user to organize a group meeting or gathering, send virtual invitations, and track respondents. It also creates a forum for discussion so any question asked, for example â€Å"What is dress code? † is visible to all other members, streamlining event planning work. Groups combine a set of people into one space within Facebook to streamline communication within the members and only for those members. Groups can be fan pages, memorial areas, or family members. Facebook also has video and photo sharing options. Similar to Snapfish or Flickr, a person can upload albums of photos and/or video within Facebook for sharing amongst friends and family. This allows people to be â€Å"tagged† within photos, which in turn link the photo to the specified person’s profile page. In August 2012, Facebook acquired Instagram, a photo editing site, which has enhanced their photo service offerings. As of January 2013, Instagram had 90 million frequent users, and it is easily integrated with mobile devices. The Facebook mobile application enables users to link messaging via text, email, and chat so that the messages stay as one continuous conversation. Timeline, a recent improvement, allows users to show their profile based on dates that are most important to them. It allows control over specific sections of the timeline, limiting viewers to enhance privacy. Newsfeed is a consistently updated and ongoing list of connections, likes, pages, etc. that others are able to comment on or like and that is available as the center focus of the service page. This list is personalized to the interests of the owner of the newsfeed algorithmically. Finally, Facebook offers graph search, which allows one to search using small phrases in order to in order to find people, friends, photos, etc. throughout the Facebook realm. In 2012, Facebook updated their iPad, mobile, iPhone, and Android applications to update speed and ensure a consistent experience for users. For software developers, Facebook offers development tools and application programming interfaces (APIs). These allow third party site developers to integrate their content with Facebook. The integration helps boost the rating of the third party site and allows them to take advantage of Facebook’s network of 1 billion users. As of year-end 2012, over 10 million aps and webpages had been designed and integrated with Facebook’s platforms. Social Plugin’s are a very short section of code offered by Facebook to enable the â€Å"Like Button† on other sites for easy social connection. These also increase the website’s rating when searched on Google. com. Facebook also provides a secure payments platform allowing users to buy services directly. This is most widely used for the purchase of games and virtual goods. An example is Farmville where players can purchase virtual farm goods to support the game via the platform. Marketers have access to all the products of a user, plus Ad analytics and insights. These services allow the tracking of ad campaigns and their effectiveness. Campaign data including number of viewers, region viewers are from, unique clicks and opens are all available in a quick view format and as raw data. This allows marketing clients to tailor ad campaigns and increase effectiveness quickly. Newer products introduced in 2012 are Facebook Custom Audiences that allows marketers to find their customers on Facebook, and Facebook Exchange that allows marketers to bid for ads in real time (Facebook2, 2013). Customer Profile: One out of 7 people on the earth use Facebook regularly. Facebook has 1. 06 Billion monthly users, 680 million of which are mobile users. Over 80% of Facebook users live outside the United States. User-ship increased nearly 25 percent from 2011 to 2012. Much of this growth came from Brazil, India, and Indonesia whose growth rates are 81%, 54%, and 25% respectively. By comparison growth in the United States during the same timeframe was only 8%. The company made an average of $5. 32 of revenue per user in 2012, a 6% increase from 2011. In 2011 the average user age was 38 and the average number of friends was 229. The average user also had never met face-to-face with 7% of those friends (Bosker, 2011). The figure above shows the dominant social networking sites globally. Pale grey areas are regions where social media has not yet penetrated in a meaningful way. Currently there are no Facebook users in China, as it is prohibited by the government. Facebook expects with the increase in mobile platforms that user-ship in underserved areas will increase since the availability of Wi-Fi continues to outpace infrastructure construction. Financial: Mark delayed taking Facebook public as long as possible. He was eventually forced to by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (Gandel, 2012). The Facebook IPO was a global financial buzz. The IPO was the largest to date, $104 Billion at $38 per share. In comparison, the Facebook IPO was 6 times larger than Google’s and 8 times larger than Apple’s (Gandel, 2012). It is a benchmark for future tech IPO’s. The bulk of the company’s worth comes from ad revenue and intangibles. Last minute analyses pointed that the company was not in as comfortable a position as initially thought, causing many large investors to withdraw their interest (Sloan, 2012). This revenue mix still continues. The IPO made millionaire and billionaires overnight, both for Facebook executive staff and Morgan Stanley who underwrote the IPO. Morgan Stanley profited more than expected due to the immediate drop in share prices. They had pre-sold stock to clients at the IPO price beyond the stock they actually had. They were able to purchase the additional shares directly from the market, making a larger profit (Gandel, 2012). The mix of Facebook stock sold was unbalanced. Facebook early investors, including Mark Zuckerberg, sold more than 241 million shares, while only 180 million were sold directly from the company. Shares sold by early investors accounted for 57% of the total shares sold in the IPO. Facebook has two classes of stock. The common stock sold to the public allows one vote per share. The preferred stocks owned by Zuckerberg and a select few allow 10 votes per share. As of May 2012, Mark Zuckerberg owned only 18% of Facebook’s stock, but had a majority control (57%) of votes, allowing him to maintain control of the company (Gandel, 2012). Mark is now responsible for continued growth and profit to his company and to employees, but to the external public shareholders who are already soured and skeptical by the lack luster IPO. One source of revenues is advertisements on Facebook. More than 80% of Facebook’s revenues come from advertising on its social network. The growth of the revenues directly depends on the growth of users. At the same time, Facebook has a lower click-through-rate (CTR) than an average website, which is only 0. 05% and about 4% respectively. In order to earn more income from the advertisements Facebook has to change the way it displays the ads (advertisements on wall posts have more than 6% CTR) but without interfering users’ experience. This leaves company very vulnerable and dependent on continuous growth of users, which will eventually be only marginal as the social network matures and saturates all possible markets. Though the company enjoyed a $32 million income in 2012, their revenue balance is insecure and uncertain. Additionally growth rates have been slowing. From 2009 to 2010 the company revenue grew 154%, from 2010 to 2011 it was 88%, and most recently from 2011 to 2012 it was only 37% (See financial reports at end). The company will eventually hit a saturation rate of customers, which has driven the revenue growth. The average amount spent per user has not increased dramatically. Mark expects that growth may become flat or decline once past the user saturation point (Facebook, Inc, 2013). History of Social Media: According to The Washington Post, researchers at Microsoft studied records of 30 billion electronic conversations among 180 million people in various countries and announced that any two strangers are, on average, distanced by precisely 6. 6 degrees of separation (Smith, 2008). This was the first time a planetary-scale social network has been available. Facebook, the online social network, may reduce a degree or two: Barack Obama already has well over a million Facebook friends. While the internet was born in the 1970’s it did not start playing a role that could be described as social media until the mid-1990’s. It started with the Bulletin Board System (BBS), where a piece of social information was posted for many to see, but each individual reacted to it separately without a way of communicating their reaction readily to others. Among other avenues for social interaction was CompuServe, a service that allowed members to not only share files and access news and events but also join any of CompuServe’s thousands of discussion forums to ‘yap’ with thousands of other members on virtually any important subject of the day. Those forums proved tremendously popular and paved the way for the modern iterations we know today. The dotcom boom and rise of AOL began the first mainstream wave of social media. Communication became instantaneous with more avenues of expression. The Internet Boom epic started in 1995. Nostalgic users rediscover long lost friends on Classmates. com, a social service founded to reconnect former elementary, high school and college classmates. In the world of business and commerce, the dot. com bubble burst in 2000 and the future online seemed bleak as the millennium turned. At this time only seventy million computers were connected to the internet. Currently, there are more than 1. 5 billion internet users on personal computers and more than 3 billion mobile users globally (Facebook, Inc, 2013) In 2002, social networking began in earnest with the launch of Friendster, which opened to the public solely in the U. S. and grew to three million users within three months. Friendster refined a degree of separation concept into a routine dubbed the â€Å"Circle of Friends† (wherein the pathways connecting two people are displayed). This concept is the key to social media as it is currently experienced. Introduced just a year later in 2003, LinkedIn differentiated itself as a serious, business-oriented social networking site for professionals. Social networking evolved in 2003 when MySpace launched, just a few months prior to Facebook. MySpace was a favorite site for the younger U. S. emographic and quickly became the number one social media site. MySpace held that title until May of 2009 when Facebook finally surpassed it in users and traffic (Zeevi, 2013). The most recent launched social network website is Google+, Google’s full-featured social networking tool. It differentiated itself early on with the ability to create multiple circles allowing users to better manage their professi onal and personal image, and the ability to edit previous posts, both for grammar and content. Another key feature is Google Hangouts, which allows instant video chats for up to 10 people at a time. Lastly, Pinterest a social scrapbooking launched in 2010 has captured attention for attaining 10 million users faster than any other standalone site in history, in only 22 months. Currently Pinterest attracts 11 million new users a week. The image and definition of social media has grown and shifted in the past 15 years. The most important changes have been in the scope and interactivity of the media. Social media has moved beyond connecting people to connecting ideas, companies, interests, and locations. Social media sites include Foursquare, Pinterest, and Twitter. Their delivery and business methods are very different from the original Friendster model. Secondly, the media has become ‘smart’ and interacts back to users. Algorithms drive the way posts appear, the ads displayed, and the friend suggestions that are made, changing the nature of the relationship to the software. Global Impact: Facebook has changed the way people communicate, and shifted the boundaries of communication. Facebook as a communication method has allowed users to relate experiences in real time, in a full range of media. Facebook’s platform and newsfeed has developed a feeling of immediacy for many people that is reflected in non-social media outlets. There is a constant desire to have new information. Facebook is both a service company and a data repository. The individual experiences of its 1+ billion users are stored in multi-media. This allows for information democracy on a new scale. As a social site with fluid boundaries, information can move more quickly and unconventionally. This attribute was a major player in the Arab Spring of 2011. Facebook on mobile hones allowed instant updates across large groups of people. It allowed the viewing of images and video by millions of people where they previously would have been censored. What color video was to the Vietnam War, Facebook was to the Arab Spring. The world was able to watch an uprising unfold in real time, uncensored, from multiple viewpoints. Facebook has also affected the criminal justice system. The public availability of photo and video media posted on the site provides law enforcement more evidence. Individual posts and friends’ lists have made finding people easier. Facebook posts are admissible in a court of law and have been used to prove violations of parole, abuses of child custody, and other crimes. Facebook as a platform has also shifted the concept of goods. Within the Facebook platform, users can buy virtual items for real money. Facebook used to prompt users on a friend’s birthday to buy them virtual flowers. The company has recently updated this feature to allow the purchase of a tangible gift. However, purchase of virtual goods for games like FarmVille is still extremely popular. The virtual goods industry revenue for 2011 was $2 billion. Industry: Two social networking sites are currently considered direct competitors of Facebook in the US- Twitter and Google+. Twitter has roughly half the users of Facebook, and a revenue model that focuses on sponsored tweets. Twitter is not exactly a direct competitor. Tweets integrate with Facebook status updates and many users actively participate in both services. Google+ currently has only 343 million users, roughly one third the user base of Facebook. Google+ is in direct competition with Facebook and has a very similar look and feel. While smaller by user base, Google+ 2012 revenue from highly targeted ads was $40 billion, eight times Facebook’s revenue for the same year. According to market survey, 83% of marketers indicate that social media is important for their business; however more marketers (76%) are planning on increasing use of YouTube and video marketing than any other form. The current top five social media tools for marketers are as follows: Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, blogs, and YouTube. Facebook will need to increase its ability to show video ads if it intends to keep the number one spot. In a five forces analysis of the industry climate, the bargaining power of consumers is high. There are many substitutes available and little cost to switching. The threat of substitute products is therefor also very high since there is a saturated market and the differentiation between brands and has been decreasing. New entrants have low barriers to entry because of low initial investment, and only moderate brand loyalty, however they need to be sufficiently interesting and innovative to capture the number of users necessary to be a major player. The bargaining power of suppliers is low. Server space providers and hosts exist almost in a commodity market with little differentiation in product or price. As in most tech industries the threat of rivalry in social media is extremely high (Tran, 2013). There are cut throat battles for patents on features and modes of use, and companies need to constantly innovate and update to stay relevant. Another threat to Facebook’s revenue stream is ad-block extensions. Users can install ad-blocks to view the site ad-free. As these increase in popularity, revenue may decrease. Privacy: Privacy is a current concern of most media users. Depending how the company manages its user’s privacy, it can be a strategic advantage or a threat. Facebook has already endured public scrutiny and backlash for its privacy control. It has a history of changing privacy settings and defaulting them to the most open and universal option, putting the onus on customers to activate a more private mode. In December 2012, Instagram (now owned by Facebook) changed their terms of use policy to state that it could sell and profit off its user’s photos. The customer backlash was intense and Instagram reverted its use policy. The possibility of being hacked and losing customer data is also a real risk. While Facebook does not store social security numbers it warehouses thousands of passwords, and captures information about individuals’ daily lives that could be misused. Virtual or real identity thefts could seriously harm the company. Facebook offers the bulk of its products for free, and its ad revenue is generated from the ability to make details about users’ demographics and interests available to marketers. This information is freely given by users after consenting to the terms of use agreement, and housed by Facebook, so they have the right to use it. The problem is that privacy laws are lagging behind internet use and technology. What is a major revenue source for the company today could be deemed illegal in the near future. Aside from legislation, bad press regarding a privacy incident could just as swiftly hurt the company and cause users to shift to substitute services. Facebook has made it easy for users to spread information instantaneously- even bad news about itself! As big data and data mining become more important for companies, Facebook may want to capitalize on its data resources buy selling information in the aggregate. The company will have to be very careful to remove identifying names and tags, but even more careful how the endeavor is presented to the public. Facebook’s Future: Facebook has been an incredible social force and an industry trail blazer. The concurrent move to a publicly traded company and into a mature lifecycle segment poses large challenges. Both revenue growth and user growth are slowing. There are multiple substitutes in the industry and the competition is rapidly innovating. Future legislation on privacy and rights ownership may require a complete rework of business strategy. Pressure from public shareholders is on Mark to create more value and increase stock prices. The company is looking to expand into large population markets such as Brazil, India, Mexico, and Japan (Facebook, Inc, 2013). The recent change of leadership in China may eventually provide an opening for Facebook services there. Increasing the focus on mobile applications will also slow the inevitable market saturation by making services available in regions with little infrastructure. Continued acquisition of promising start ups will also help the company stay cutting edge while removing future competition. However, Facebook needs to develop new revenue streams beyond advertisements, while still staying true to its mission. The company needs to define these projects before the falling growth rate triggers a major decline in the Class A stock rate. Mark himself is unsure if they can monetize their current business more than currently without alienating users (Facebook, Inc, 2013). One option is to create spin-off services that are paid, such as aggregate data sales. Another is to focus a Facebook platform on job search and recruitment. A third natural move would be to offer a unique, differentiated online dating experience (Tran, 2013). Mark Zuckerberg and his company have an incredible advantage. In the new data economy he has billions of data points that each tell a story and can be used in thousands of ways. Google Fiber installation that increases internet speed by 100 fold will allow his innovative staff to develop services that are not feasible yet. He will just need to keep one step ahead or diversify to avoid being the next,

A Business Analysis Of Canon Inc Business Essay

A Business Analysis Of Canon Inc Business Essay Canon Inc. A Japan based company which was founded in August 10, 1937 in Japan and the headquarters is based in Ohta-ku, Tokyo. Chairman CEO of the company is Fujio Mitarai and the President COO of the company is Tsuneji Uchida. The common stock of the company as of 31st December 2008 was 174,762 Million (Yen) and the number of employees employed in canon is 25,412 as of December 31st 2008. Net Sales of the company was 2,721,094 Million Yen (Non-consolidated) and 4,094,161 Million Yen (Consolidated). It has generated a Net Income of 224,135 Million Yen (non-consolidated) and 309,148 Million Yen (consolidated), and the Ordinary profit was 359,086 Million Yen as of 2008 December. The total Assets of the company was 3,969,934 Million Yen. In 1933 they have started the business in a very small apartment and within a simple room in Tokyo. High worth cameras were coming from Europe widely held from Germany. Their aim was to produce soaring excellence Japanese cameras in a small room with the young people. History of the Company: Canon Inc A Japan based company is a organizer in customer imaging tools, professional and in information structure. Canon is one of the top providers to consumers, organization digital solutions business-business. Canon USA its parent touring company which ranked third as a top patent proprietor from the overall in US in 2008. In Fortune Magazine it has listed in the fourth place as a Worlds Largely Accepted companies in 2009. In canon they care as caring is very important to exists as one in harmony. The history begins with the innovative strength to make the best cameras in the world. Canon continuous started growing under the leading business plan. It has launched many products which no had seen ever. It had also improved unprecendented technologies in order to create chance in different products which no other company has created. If they want to run the company in long run they need to improve its financial structure, RD and also to introduce new business. Products of Canon It has a wide variety of products which includes. Cameras Inkjet Copying machines Laser beam printers Semiconductor-manufacturing equipment Video equipment. Main Markets Canon operates its business across different countries globally.The main markets in which Canon operates business are Japan America Europe Africa Asia Oceania. Mail Services Main Technologies of Canon Dreams come true with technology, it makes impossible things to possible with the use of technology to carry on successfully in the global market. Canon worked hard to improve and to buy new technologies that direct the era. A single innovation leads towards a beginning of innovative technology. In the process of inventing new technologies lies its steady position through a vision determined the future and also the loyalty to unusual technologies. The core technologies of Canon are Image Capture Inkjet Printing Printers Electrophotography Exposure Equipment Compact Digital Cameras Displays SLR Cameras Scanners Digital Video Cameras Laser Beam Printers Scanners etc Strategic Alliance Strategic Alliance is defined as while two or additional companies are adhere mutually for a particular time they usually not in straight antagonism, but they have comparable goods or services which are focussed towards the identical aim spectators. Alliance means Collaboration among groups to produce enhanced grades to gain from business deal. Strategic alliance is a most important structure of business strategies, it is a joint venture between different firms whereby capital, competence ability are combined together to follow common interest. Strategic Alliances could be prepared in wide range of ways based on the reason or function. There are three fundamental types of alliances they are: Equity Strategic Alliance Non Equity Strategic Alliance Joint Ventures Strategic Alliances facilitate industry to increase competitive benefit throughout admission to a associate capital as well as markets, people technologies. Several fast growing technologies industries make use of Strategic Alliances to advantage starting from additional reputable means of allotment. Competition increases when global markets get united, small size companies requires more more inventive with those companies whom they want to support themselves to enter into the market. Forecasting for a Thriving Alliance Before going into strategic alliance, sufficient consideration to be positioned behind the formation of the relationship and particulars of how those will be directed. You need to follow the planning process: Describe likely result from association. Describe an article fundamentals provided by the party and the advantage to a winning alliance brings. Describe the results which are most helpful for the business which will cost the alliance and describe the structure. Defend the companys rights to mutual agreements and limitations at the time of moving proprietary information. Identify the fundamentals of how to operate. Examples of Strategic Alliance Energetic group of associations or credit mergers play a vital role as strategic alliances increase if worldwide contributors of technical support are dynamic across the country, they can encourage they make use of worldwide standards and also innovative products are the strategic alliances examples. Successful strategic shares information by the providers of goods and services which ember the importance in structuring alliances through financial organisations. Flourishing strategic alliance practice and persuade experimentation as this is a very advance approach to services and rural finance, all the institutions cannot be conscious about the importance, advantages, options risk which survive inside strategic alliance. Long term procurement contracts Canon have been endeavour for involvement in global prosperity as well as to be mankind as a beyond doubt global company for achieving this goal, they are putting every effort to continue the growth by improving selling and producing useful goods. For satisfying consumer wants procurement distribution working very hard with important suppliers and to increase the eminence of suppliers and decrease the cost by obtaining materials of best quality in a low price on a timely basis in a global point. Stakeholders People who will be affected by a try and can influence it? But who are not directly involved with doing the work? In the  private sector People who are affected by any action taken by Canon Company. In 2008 the  £306 million this earnings are got by selling photo copy machines, printers, cameras only on UK markets. That the canon company mainly depended on their customers that the customers are looking Areas tailored to needs of graphic arts consumers Representing is largely wide-ranging canon collection until now consisting the initial global platform of its image runner progress expert light invention series Innovative leap cross media drive motivates printers to obtain their dealing in innovative directions Suppliers That the Canon Companies main credit suppliers based on heir porches due to that they cannot influence to the company as they needed as well as they contribute on less percentage to the all the process of the company because in 2008 that the Canon company get material  £37 million so it should be a less portion to the all process of the company. Shareholders The canon company is multinational company there for that the numbers of shareholders may be impossible to calculate but we can assets it through the takeover but we can describe it by using take over 1st week on March that takeover of the canon company was  £9.5 million. When we look at this should explain us this can be influence more to the company as well as it should highly effected to the companies decisions because that the total assets of the companies should be a  £31.1 million. Government The canon company pay tax to the UK government its approximately  £3.4 million in 2008. According to this they that the total profit of the company is  £9.3 million. When we consider it according to the percentage it takes 30% approx so   that the government highly influence to the companys activities and government going to increase fuel price to the all the companies this will be affected to this companies activities  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  

California Gold Rush :: essays research papers

California Gold Rush: by Lauren Burt James Wilson Marshall was a skilled carpenter trained by his wheelwright father in New Jersey. Marshall was building a sawmill for California land developer John Sutter in Coloma Valley near Sacramento when he observed something glittering in the new millrace that had been allowed to flow overnight. He described the nugget as "half the size and shape of a pea." "It made my heart thump," he later recalled, "for I was certain it was gold." Examining the nugget, he exclaimed to his fellow workmen, "Boys, by God, I believe I have found a gold mine." The impact of Marshall's find that afternoon at Sutter's Mill in the Sierra Nevada foothills was enormous, and became known worldwide. Although Marshall's discovery occurred in 1848, the electrifying news did not reach the East Coast and other parts of the world until a year later, triggering the Gold Rush of '49, the greatest stampede of gold seekers in history. The only hope was to keep the discovery quiet. Sutter and Marshall swore the mill workers to secrecy, but word got out. When Jacob Wittmer took two wagons up to the mill on February 9, the Wimmer children apparently told him of the gold. When he scoffed at the story, it was confirmed by Mrs. Wimmer and the other adults. Wittmer brought the news back to the fort, and even used some of the gold to buy a bottle of brandy at the fort store. The store operator sent word to his partner in San Francisco, the enterprising Sam Brannan. Henry Bigler shared the news with three of his fellow Mormons who were working on the new flour mill near Sutter's Fort. They visited Coloma and then on the way back to Sutter's Fort prospected at a spot that shortly became the rich diggings of Mormon Island. On February 10, Sutter himself wrote his impatient creditor, General Mariano Vallejo: "My sawmill is finished and I have made a discovery of a gold mine ... which is extraordinarily rich." As the word seeped out, Sutter was soon openly telling visitors to the fort about the discovery. The first printed notice of the discovery was in the March 15 issue of "The Californian" in San Francisco. Shortly after Marshall's discovery, General John Bidwell discovered gold in the Feather River and Major Pearson B. Reading found gold in the Trinity River.

The Pastoral Letter :: essays research papers

Religion Paper In the pastoral letter, it declares that â€Å"basic justice demands the establishment of minimum levels of participation in the life of the human community for all persons.† This small excerpt criticizes the church as well as society though. This Catholic Framework for Economic Life represents a fundamental challenge to a "winner takes all, every person for oneself" economic ethic which leaves too many behind. It seeks to shape the national debate about how to balance our budget without further burdening the poor. It offers a different set of values. I have read the Bishops' pastoral letter, and I find myself feeling a little defensive and a little irritated at some of his principles. Some of his remarks criticize society and confuse me dearly. It is stated in the pastoral letter that when a person is marginalized or not allowed to participate in something, it is a violation of their justice. The Bishop tells us that the framework is not about political platforms or secular economic theories. Instead he says it's about the poor people who have to scrap and fight for any sort of economic freedom in this world. These are the poor people who basically have to do the dirty work in this world and are the people who are taken for granted by the more wealthy people. My question is; okay, what about them? Should we have to do absolutely everything ourselves so someone does not have to come in at night and clean up after us. Do working people have to take their own garbage out at night and vacuum their offices so someone does not have to clean up afterwards? This is in effect marginalizing the poor worker’s jobs and is violating their justice. It is a bold contradiction and one that confuses me. On the other hand, should we leave garbage everywhere so after hours people have lots of work and more jobs are then provided for people with limited skills and education? Should we pay higher wages and provide better benefits to the people who clean up after us? How much higher? Maybe they should make the same amount the normal working person makes. There are poor people who can get around this though. I remember a job a few years ago where a number of janitors at my summer job made more money than some of the actual teachers that were fairly new in the district.

Slaying the Dragon :: essays research papers

Slaying the Dragon gave the audience a look inside the world of Asian actresses. The entertainment industry is very different for women of Asian descent. I never realized how difficult it was for these women in the earlier years of the film industry. Even today, when asked to name famous Asian actresses, I had a hard time thinking of more than two or three.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Asian women interviewed in this film spoke candidly about their experiences in the entertainment industry. This film shows a comprehensive look at media stereotypes of Asia and Asian American women since the silent era. One point that the film brought up was that many white women played Asian women in early Hollywood films. One actress who frequently played an Asian woman was Katherine Hepburn. I can’t imagine how insulted I would be if I was an Asian actress who was losing roles to an American woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie also showed the successes of Anna May Wong’s sinister dragon lady, Suzie Wong and the ’50s geisha girls and the Asian-American anchorwoman of today. One of the anchorwomen who was interviewed spoke about the stereotypes of exoticism and docility that have affected the perception of Asian-American women. She spoke about how her boss didn’t like when she stood up for herself and made radical decisions to cut her hair.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The stereotypes for Asians are never ended; generally we assume that they are quiet, smart, good in math and science and passive. This movie tried to devour these stereotypes and give the audience an inside look into the minds of the Asian women interviewed. I have a good friend from high school who is Korean and having grown up with her, I have watched her struggle with acceptance and trying to overcome these horrible stereotypes. When we reached our junior year in high school and began looking at colleges, she decided that she wanted to attend a college where she wouldn’t be one of the only Asian girls. Growing up in a small rural community, she often felt like an outcat in our white high school. She is now attending SUNY Buffalo and is very happy that she is in a more diverse community. Slaying the Dragon :: essays research papers Slaying the Dragon gave the audience a look inside the world of Asian actresses. The entertainment industry is very different for women of Asian descent. I never realized how difficult it was for these women in the earlier years of the film industry. Even today, when asked to name famous Asian actresses, I had a hard time thinking of more than two or three.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Asian women interviewed in this film spoke candidly about their experiences in the entertainment industry. This film shows a comprehensive look at media stereotypes of Asia and Asian American women since the silent era. One point that the film brought up was that many white women played Asian women in early Hollywood films. One actress who frequently played an Asian woman was Katherine Hepburn. I can’t imagine how insulted I would be if I was an Asian actress who was losing roles to an American woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie also showed the successes of Anna May Wong’s sinister dragon lady, Suzie Wong and the ’50s geisha girls and the Asian-American anchorwoman of today. One of the anchorwomen who was interviewed spoke about the stereotypes of exoticism and docility that have affected the perception of Asian-American women. She spoke about how her boss didn’t like when she stood up for herself and made radical decisions to cut her hair.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The stereotypes for Asians are never ended; generally we assume that they are quiet, smart, good in math and science and passive. This movie tried to devour these stereotypes and give the audience an inside look into the minds of the Asian women interviewed. I have a good friend from high school who is Korean and having grown up with her, I have watched her struggle with acceptance and trying to overcome these horrible stereotypes. When we reached our junior year in high school and began looking at colleges, she decided that she wanted to attend a college where she wouldn’t be one of the only Asian girls. Growing up in a small rural community, she often felt like an outcat in our white high school. She is now attending SUNY Buffalo and is very happy that she is in a more diverse community.

Coke’s 1999 Issue Essay

What seemed like an isolated incident of a few bad cans of Coca-Cola at a school in Belgium turned into near disaster for the soft drink giant’s European operations. In June 1999, Coke experienced its worst nightmare a contamination scare resulting in the recall of 14 million cases of Coke products in five European countries and huge blow to consumer confidence in the quality and safety of the world’s most recognizable brand. After the initial scare in Bornem, Belgium, Coke and Coca – Cola Enterprises (CCE), a thought they had isolated the problem. Scientists at the CCE bottling plant in Antwerp found that lapses in quality control had led to contaminated carbon dioxide that were used in the bottling of a recent batch of Coke. Company officials saw the contamination as minor problem and they issued an apology to the school. At the same time that the problems were being dealt with in Antwerp, things were breaking down at Coke’s Dunkirk, France, bottling plant. In Belsele, 10 miles from Bornem, children and teachers were complaining of illnesses related to drinking Coke products. The vending machines at the school were stocked with Coke from the company’s Dunkirk plant’s practices were being questioned. What initially seemed like an isolated incident was now a crisis. Immediately following the second scare, Belgium’s Health Minister banned the sale of all precuts produced in the Antwerp and Dunkirk plants. Things got worse when Coke gave an incomplete set of recall codes to a school in Lochristi, Belgium, resulting in 38 children being rushed to the hospital. Immediately following this incident, French officials banned the sale of soft drinks produced in the Dunkirk plant. It was believed that fungicide on wooden shipping pallets were the cause of the illnesses at the Dunikrik plant. On June 15th, 1999, 11 days after the initial scare in Bornem, Coke finally issued an explanation to the public. Most Europeans were not satisfied. Coca – Cola officials used vague language and often contradicted one another when making statements. France’s Health Minister, Bernard Kouchner, stated, â€Å"That a company so very expert in advertising and marketing should be so poor in communication on this matter is astonishing.† After three weeks of testing by both Coke officials and French government scientists, it was concluded that the plants were safe and that there was no immediate threat to the health of consumers. Coke has destroyed all of the pallets in Dunikirk and tightened quality control on CO2. How could this happen to the company that is revered worldwide for its quality control and the superiority of its products? Coke has spent decades building its reputation overseas and the European market now represents 73% of total profits. While the scare has had some effect on Coke’s profits in Europe, the company is more concerned with damages to its reputation and consumer confidence in its products. Many critics say that Coke’s slow response time, insisting that no real problem existed and belated apology have severely damaged the company’s reputation in Europe. Some would disagree and feel that Coke handled the situation as best it could. â€Å"I think that Coke acted in a responsible, diligent way,† says John Sitcher, editor of Beverage Digest. â€Å"Their first responsibility was to ascertain the facts in a clear and unequivocal way. Any as soon as Coke knew what the facts were, they put out a statement to the Belgium people.† The character and quality of a company can often be measured by how it responds to adversity. Coca-Cola believes that this crisis has forced the company to reexamine both its marketing and management strategies in Europe. Coke executives in Brussels are predicting that the company will double its European sales in the next decade and that this setback will only make the company stronger. Wall Street analysts seem to agree. Only time will tell.

As Fast as Food Essay

dissolute nutrient eliminateing houseA unwavering provender eatery, overly kn testify as a quick wait on eatery (QSR) at bottom the application itself, is a specific figure of eatery characterized both by its refrain fargon cuisine and by tokenish give in serv grump. Food mete outd in loyal provender eating places typically fissures to a meat-sweet fodder and is finish upered from a ascertained batting set is cooked in bulk in advance and unploughed torrid is finished and packaged to piece and is greennessly available ready to chair a way of life, though seating bea whitethorn be generated. warm victuals eaterys ar usually helping of a eatery range or en rightment operation, which provisions weatherardised ingredients and/or partially lively provenders and supplies to from each atomic descend 53 restaurant by dint of control conditionled tot up channels. The line disruptive provender was recognized in a dictionary by MerriamWebst er in 1951. 1 Arguably the commencement loyal nourishment restaurants originated in the get together States with A&W in 1916 and exsanguine trueheartedness in 1921. 2 Today, Ameri bay window- launched disruptive-flying regimen concatenations much(prenominal) as McDonalds and KFC be transnational great deals with outlets across the globe.Variations on the tumultuous intellectual nourishment restaurant concept include extravagant e genuinelyday restaurants and catering trucks. turbulent casual restaurants rich soulfulness gamy sit-in ratios, and guests can sit and have their couchs brought to them. Catering trucks a good deal times park just outside worksites and ar popular with factory workers. HistorySome trace the advanced account statement of prodigal forage in America to July 7, 1912, with the opening of a unwavering regimen restaurant called the Automat in red-hot York.The Automat was a cafeteria with its prepargond solid f ars goat atomic glass over windows and coin-operated slots. Joseph motor horn and frank Hardart had already undefendable the number 1 Horn & Hardart Automat in Philadelphia in 1902, however their Automat at B trackway and 13th Street, in raw York City, created a sensation. Numerous Automat restaurants were build around the acres to deal with the demand. Automats awaited extremely popular passim the 1920s and 1930s. The order as well as popularized the picture of take-out fare, with their slogan Less work for go.Some historians and minutementary instruct textbooks oblige that A&W, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the source straightaway aliment restaurant (E. Tav ars). Thus, the American company uncontaminating fort is in the main credited with opening the second turbulent- regimen outlet in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, selling ground sound offs for five cents apiece from its descent and spawning legion(predicate) competitors and emulators. What i s certain, however, is that White castle make the number 1 evidential effort to standardize the aliment output signal in, look of, and operation of immediate- forage beefburger restaurants.William Ingrams and Walter Andersons White castle System created the first troubled intellectual nourishment supply ambit to provide meat, buns, opus goods, and early(a) supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multistate burger restaurant kitchen stove, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and point developed a construction year that manufactured and built the grasps prefabricated restaurant buildings.The McDonalds Speedee Service System and, a lot ulterior, Ray Krocs McDonalds outlets and ground beef University all built on principles, systems and practices that White unfluctuatingness had already established surrounded by 1923 and 1932. The hamburger restaurant some associated by the public with the confines dissipa ted feed was created by two br otherwisewises legitimately from Nashua, late Hampshire. Richard and Maurice McDonald opened a barbecue shaft in 1940 in the city of San Bernardino, California. subsequently(prenominal) primaevaling that near of their profits came from hamburgers, the brothers closed their restaurant for three months and reopened it in 1948 as a walk-up stand ecstasying a simple scorecard of hamburgers, french chips, shakes, umber, and Coca-Cola, setd in disposable paper wrapping. As a result, they could produce hamburgers and french-fried potatoes constantly, without waiting for guest orders, and could serve them immediately hamburgers cost 15 cents, slightly half the harm at a typical diner. Their streamlined yield method, which they call ind the Speedee Service System was influenced by the harvest-homeion line innovations of Henry Ford.By 1954, The McDonald brothers stand was restaurant equipment manufacturer Prince Castles biggest purchaser of mil kshake blending machines. Prince Castle bartersman Ray Kroc traveled to California to discover why the company had purchased almost a dozen of the units as opposed to the approach pattern one or two set in motion in most restaurants of the time. Enticed by the success of the McDonalds concept, Kroc signed a franchise agreement with the brothers and began opening McDonalds restaurants in Illinois. 3 By 1961, Kroc had bought out the brothers and created what is at a time the forward-looking McDonalds Corporation.One of the study separate of his business plan was to promote cleanliness of his restaurants to outgrowth hosts of Americans that had find aware of nourishment golosh income tax returns. As part of his commitment to cleanliness, Kroc very much took part in cleaning his own Des Plaines, Illinois outlet by hosing shore the garbage cans and scraping gum off the cement. Another concept Kroc added was great swaths of glass which enabled the customer to view the nut rient preparation, a practice still found in durance such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Krispy Kreme.A clean atmosphere was only part of Krocs grander plan which separated McDonalds from the rest of the competition and attri exactlyes to their great success. Kroc portrayed making his restaurants appeal to pigboaturban families. 4 At roughly the alike time as Kroc was conceiving what in conclusion became McDonalds Corporation, two Miami, Florida businessmen, pack McLa more(prenominal) and David Edgerton, opened a franchise of the precursor to what is now the globalistic betting nutriment restaurant chain Burger female monarch.McLamore had visited the original McDonalds hamburger stand belonging to the McDonald brothers percept potential in their innovative fabrication line-based production system, he mulish he wanted to open a equivalent operation of his own. 56 The two fel bases eventually decided to invest their money in dickheadsonville, Florida-based Insta-Burge r King. in the beginning opened in 1953, the founders and owners of the chain, Kieth J. Kramer and his wifes uncle Matthew Burns, opened their first stores around a piece of equipment known as the Insta-Broiler.The Insta-Broiler oven turn out so successful at preparation burgers, they involved all of their franchises to carry the device. 5 By 1959 McLamore and Edgarton were operate several(prenominal) locations within the Miami-Dade compass and were growing at a debased clip. Despite the success of their operation, the partners discovered that the rule of the insta-broiler made the units heat elements prone to degradation from the drippings of the beef patties. The bracing eventually created a mechanized petrol grill that avoided the problems by changing the way the meat patties were cooked in the unit. afterwards the original company began to falter in 1959, it was purchased by McLamore and Edgerton who renamed the company Burger King. 7 small-arm debauched forage res taurants usually have a seating area in which customers can eat the food on the premises, orders are intentional to be interpreted away, and traditional table service is rare. Orders are generally taken and nonrecreational for at a widely comeback, with the customer waiting by the counter for a tray or container for their food. A hire-through service can al unhopeful customers to order and scatter up food from their cars. around from its inception, riotous food has been designed to be eaten on the go and practically does not require traditional cutlery and is eaten as a finger food. Common carte du jour items at troubled food outlets include angle and chips, sandwiches, pocket breads, hamburgers, fried chicken, french fries, chicken nuggets, tacos, pizza, and ice cream, although umpteen another(prenominal) a(prenominal) refrain food restaurants offer s upseter foods exchangeable chili, mashed potatoes, and salads. CuisineModern commercial-grade disruptive food is extremely processed and prepared on a large musical dental plate from bulk ingredients using standardized preparedness and production methods and equipment.It is usually quickly served in cartons or bags or in a plastic wrapping, in a flair which reduces operating be by allowing rapid product identification and counting, promoting longer guardianship time, avoiding transfer of bacteria, and facilitating order fulfillment. In most truehearted food trading trading operations, menu items are generally made from processed ingredients prepared at a central supply facilities and then shipped to individual outlets where they are cooked (usually by grill, microwave, or deep-frying) or assembled in a short amount of time both in anticipation of upcoming orders (i. e. , to personal credit line) or in response to veritable orders (i. e., to order).Following standard operating procedures, pre-cooked products are monitored for freshness and disposed of if holding times become exc essive.This process ensures a consistent level of product quality, and is key to delivering the order quickly to the customer and avoiding ram and equipment costs in the individual stores. Because of commercial emphasis on taste, speed, product safety, uniformity, and low cost, degraded food products are made with ingredients formulated to achieve an identifiable flavor, aroma, texture, and verbalize feel and to preserve freshness and control handling costs during preparation and order fulfillment.This requires a exalted degree of food engineering. The use of additives, including salt, sugar, flavorings and preservatives, and touch techniques may limit the nutritional apprize of the final product. respect mealsA value meal is a group of menu items offered together at a lower wrong than they would cost individually. They are common at fast food restaurants. pry meals are a common selling tactic to facilitate bundling, up-selling, and price discrimination. Most of the time t hey can be upgraded to a larger size of fries and drink for a small fee.The perceive creation of a discount on individual menu items in commute for the purchase of a meal is withal consistent with the loyalty market placeing school of thought. 8 TechnologyTo make quick service manageable and to ensure accuracy and security, many fast food restaurants have co-ordinatedd hospitality point of sale systems. This makes it possible for kitchen clustering the great unwashed to view orders placed at the front counter or contain through in real time. receiving mint systems allow orders placed at drive through speakers to be taken by cashiers and cooks.Drive through and walk through configurations will allow orders to be taken at one register and paid at other. Modern point of sale systems can operate on cultivation processing system networks using a variety of packet programs. Sales records can be generated and impertinent access to computer reports can be given to corporate offices, managers, troubleshooters, and other current personnel. Food service imprisonment partner with food equipment manufacturers to design highly specialize restaurant equipment, oft incorporating heat sensors, timers, and other electronic controls into the design.Col fag outative design techniques, such as rapid visualization and parametric modeling of restaurant kitchens are now creation utilise to establish equipment specifications that are consistent with restaurant operating and merchandising requirements. 9 Business Consumer spendingIn the get together States alone, consumers spent nearly $110 billion on fast food in 2000 (which increased from $6 billion in 1970). 10 The National eating house Association forecasts that fast food restaurants in the U. S. will reach $142 billion in sales in 2006, a 5% increase over 2005.In comparison, the full-service restaurant segment of the food industry is expect to generate $173 billion in sales. close food has been losing mar ket share to alleged(prenominal) fast casual restaurants, which offer more robust and overpriced cuisines. Major international brandsMcDonalds, a noted fast food supplier, opened its first franchised restaurant in the US in 1955 (1974 in the UK). It has become a phenomenally successful opening move in terms of financial growth, brand-name recognition, and worldwide expansion. Ray Kroc, who bought the franchising license from the McDonald brothers, pioneered many concepts which stress standardization.He introduced uniform products, identical in all respects at each outlet, to increase sales. At the same time, Kroc too insisted on cutting food costs as much as possible, eventually using the McDonalds Corporations size to force suppliers to conform to this ethos. former(a) prominent international fast food companies include Burger King, the effect two hamburger chain in the world, known for promoting its customized menu offerings (Have it Your Way). Multinational corporations ty pically modify their menus to cater to topical anaesthetic tastes and most overseas outlets are owned by homegrown franchi call ins.McDonalds in India, for example, uses chicken and paneer earlier than beef in its burgers because Hinduism traditionally forbids eating beef. In Israel some McDonalds restaurants are clean and respect the Jewish Shabbat thither is as well a kosher McDonalds in Argentina. In Egypt, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, and Singapore, all menu items are halal. brotherhood America puppet fries from In-N-Out Burgers secret menu Many fast food operations have more topical anaesthetic and regional roots, such as White Castle in the Midwest linked States, on with Hardees (owned by CKE Restaurants, which also owns Carls Jr., whose locations are primarily on the United States West Coast)Krystal, Bojangles Famous Chicken n Biscuits, Cook Out, and Zaxbys restaurants in the American Southeast Raising Canes in Louisiana Hot n Now in Michigan and Wisconsin In-N- Out Burger (in California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and Texas) and genuine Tommys fetter in grey California Dicks sleep together in Seattle, Washington and Arctic destiny in Utah and other westward states Halo Burger around Flint, Michigan and Burgerville in the Portland, Oregon area.Also, Whataburger is a popular burger chain in the American South and Mexico, and Jack in the Box is set in the West and South. Canada pizza durance beaver furs pizza and pizza pie pizza pie are primarily located in Ontario. Coffee chain Country mien operates only in Ontario, and competes with the famous umber and donut chain Tim Hortons. Maid-Rite restaurant is one of the oldest chain fast food restaurants in the United States. Founded in 1926, their specialty is a loose meat hamburger.Maid-Rites can be found in the middlewest in the first place Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, and Missouri. International brands dominant in due north America include McDonaldss, Burger King and Wendys, the numbe r three burger chain in the ground forces Dunkin Donuts, a raw(a) England based chain automobile oriented Sonic make outs from Oklahoma City Starbucks, Seattle-born coffee-based fast food beverage corporation KFC, a part of the largest restaurant conglomerate in the world, Yum Brands and eye masks pizza, a pizza chain known for popularizing home pitch of fast food.Subway is known for their sub sandwiches and are the largest restaurant chain to serve such food items. 11 Quiznos a capital of Colorado based sub shop is another fast growing sub chain, yet with over 6,000 locations it is still far behind Subways 34,000 locations. former(a) smaller sub shops include Blimpie, Jersey microphones Subs, Mr. Goodcents, Jimmy Johns, and Firehouse. A&W Restaurants was originally a United States and Canada fast food brand, and is currently an International fast food corporation in several countries.In Canada the mass of fast food chains are American owned, or were originally American ow ned but have since set up a Canadian commission/headquarters location in cities such as Toronto and Vancouver such as Panera Bread, Chipotle Mexican Grill, Five Guys, Carls Jr. and jalapenos. Although the case is usually American fast food chains expanding into Canada, Canadian chains such as Tim Hortons have grow into 22 states in the United States, but are more prominent in border states such as New York and Michigan. Tim Hortons has started to expand to other countries outside of northeasterly America.The Canadian Extreme Pita franchise sells low fat and salt pita sandwiches with stores in the larger Canadian cities. Other Canadian fast food chains such as Manchu Wok serve North American style Asian foods this company is located mainly in Canada and the USA, with other outlets on US military bases on other continents. Harveys is a Canadian burger restaurant chain. The United KingdomIn the United Kingdom, many home based fast food operations were closed in the seventies and 19 80s after McDonalds became the number one outlet in the marketcitation needed.However, brands give care forceless still remain, although the majority of branches became Burger King in 1989. JapanTraditional ramen and sushi restaurants still dominate fast food culture in Japan, although American outlets the wish well pizza chantey, McDonalds, and KFC are also popular, along with Japanese chains like MOS Burger. NigeriaIn Nigeria, Mr. toughgs, Chicken Republic, Tantalizers, and Tastee Fried Chicken are the predominant fast food chains. KFC and pizza Hut have recently entered the country. PakistanFast food In Pakistan varies. at that place are many international chains serving fast food, including Nandos, KFC, McDonalds, Dunkin Donuts, Subway, Pizza Hut, Hardees, Telepizza and Gloria Jeans Coffees. In addition to the international chains, in topical anaesthetic cuisine people in Pakistan like to have biryani, bun kebabs, Nihari, kebab rolls and so forth as fast food. South Afric aKFC is the most popular fast food chain in South Africa according to a 2010 Sunday Times survey. 12 Chicken Licken, Wimpy and Ocean Basket along with Nandos and Steers are examples of homegrown franchises that are highly popular within the country.McDonalds, Subway and Pizza Hut have a significant presence within South Africa. chinaware and Hong KongIn Hong Kong, although McDonalds and KFC are quite popular, in that respect are 3 major local fast food chains providing Hong Kong Chinese style fast food. These 3 major chains are Cafe de Coral, Fairwood Fast Food, and Maxim MX. In recent years, they have also been extending their operations to Mainland China. IsraelIn Israel, local burger chain Burger Ranch is popular as are McDonalds, Burger King and KFC. Dominos Pizza is also a popular fast food restaurant. Chains like McDonalds offer kosher branches.Non-kosher foods such as cheeseburgers are rare in Israeli fast food chains, even in non-kosher branches. There are many small local fast food chains that serve pizza, burgers and local foods such as falafel. New ZealandIn New Zealand, the fast food market began in the 1970s with KFC (opened 1971), Pizza Hut (1974), and McDonalds (1976),13 and all three remain popular today. Burger King and Dominos entered the market later in the 1990s. Australian pizza chains Eagle Boys and Pizza Haven also entered the market in the 1990s, but their New Zealand operations were later sell to Pizza Hut and Dominos.Two fast food chains were founded in New Zealand Georgie Pie and Hell Pizza. Georgie Pie opened in 1977, and was based around the Australian and New Zealand meat pie. They went through a failed expansion attempt in the mid-1990s and became economically unviable, resulting in the chain being sold to McDonalds in 1996 the last Georgie Pie restaurant was closed in 1998. Hell Pizza was founded in 1996 in Wellington, and is known for its darned marketing. Today, it has 64 stores in New Zealand, and also has stores in the UK , Australia, Ireland and Canada.TrendsHealth concernsSome of the large fast food chains are beginning to incorporate healthier alternating(a)s in their menu, e. g. , white meat, pungency wraps, salads, and fresh fruit. However, some people see these moves as a tokenistic and commercial measure, rather than an appropriate reaction to ethical concerns about the world ecology and peoples health. McDonalds announced that in demonstrate 2006, the chain would include nutritional information on the packaging of all of its products. 14 Consumer appealFast food outlets have become popular with consumers for several reasons.One is that through economies of scale in purchasing and producing food, these companies can deliver food to consumers at a very low cost. In addition, although some people abominate fast food for its predictability, it can be reassuring to a hungry person in a hurry or far from homecitation needed In the post-World contend II period in the United States, fast food ch ains like McDonalds cursorily gained a reputation for their cleanliness, fast service, and a child-friendly atmosphere where families on the road could grab a quick meal, or seek a break from the subroutine of home cookingcitation needed.Prior to the rise of the fast food chain restaurant, people generally had a choice between soapy spoon diners where the quality of the food was a great deal examinationable and service lacking, or high-end restaurants that were expensive and impractical for families with childrencitation needed. The modern, stream-lined convenience of the fast food restaurant provided a new alternative and appealed to Americans instinct for ideas and products associated with progress, technology, and innovation.citation needed Fast food restaurants rapidly became the eatery everyone could agree on, with many featuring child-size menu combos, play areas, and whimsical branding campaigns, like the iconic Ronald McDonald, designed to appeal to young customers. Pare nts could have a few proceedings of peace while children played or amused themselves with the toys included in their able Meal. There is a long history of fast food advertising campaigns, many of which are directed at children.In other parts of the world, American and American-style fast food outlets have been popular for their quality, customer service, and novelty, even though they are often the targets of popular anger towards American international policy or globalization more generallycitation needed. Many consumers nonetheless see them as symbols of the wealth, progress, and well-ordered openness of Western inn and therefore become trendy attractions in many cities around the world, particularly among younger people with more varied tastes.citation needed restore of fast food restaurant availabilityOver time, fast food restaurants have been growing rapidly, specially in urban neighborhoods. According to US research, low-income and predominantly African-American neighb orhoods have great exposure to fast food outlets than higher income and predominantly white areas. 15 This has put into question whether urbanized neighborhoods were targeted, which causes a more dehydrated group of people compared to people from a higher socioeconomic status.It has also been shown that there is a lower chance of decision a fast food restaurant in a suburban neighborhood. In a study of selected US locations, Morland et al. (2002) found the number of fast food restaurants and forbid was inversely proportional to the wealth of the neighborhood, and that predominantly African-American residential areas were four times less likely to have a supermarket near them than predominantly white areas.16 Innovations timeline 1872 Walter Scott of Providence, RI fit a horse-drawn lunch roller coaster with a simple kitchen, bringing hot dinners to workers17 1902 First Horn & Hardart Automat opened in Philadelphia 1912 Horn & Hardart opens a second Automat in Manhattan 1916 Wal ter Anderson built the first White Castle in Wichita, KS in 1916, introducing the limited menu, high volume, low cost, high speed hamburger restaurant17 1919 A&W fall Beer took its product out of the soda fountain and into a roadside stand17 1921 A&W Root Beer began franchising its syrup17.1921 White Castle opens its first restaurant 1926 Maid-Rite opened its first restaurant in Muscatine, Iowa. 1930s Howard Johnsons pioneered the concept of franchising restaurants, officially standardizing menus, signage, and advertising17 1948 In-N-Out Burger begins drive-through service utilizing call-box technology 1967 McDonalds opens its first restaurants outside the U. S. 1 1971 McDonalds begins serving breakfast, test-marketing the egg McMuffin in the U. S.2 1971 The first Starbucks store opens in Seattle, Washington in Pike domicile Market to sell high-quality coffee beans and equipment 1980 7-Eleven introduces the 32-US-fluid-ounce (950 ml) Big Gulp 1981 Arbys offers nutritional inform ation 1987 Howard Schultz leads purchase of the Starbucks brand from its founders (who adopted the name Peets) and begins offering coffee drinks modeled after those sold in Italian coffee bars 1994 McDonalds begins supersizing Extra Value Meals.1994 Arctic Circle becomes the first fast food restaurant to sell black Angus beef exclusively. 1994 Arbys is first fast food restaurant to implement a no-smoking policy 2002 McDonalds cuts back on the amount of trans fat by 48 percent on french fries 2006 Arbys begins elimination of trans fat oils in french fries Criticisms Hot tail The fast food industry is a popular target for critics, from anti-globalization activistics like Jose Bove to vegetarian activist groups such as PETA.In his popular 2001 book Fast Food Nation, inquiring journalist Eric Schlosser leveled a broad, socioeconomic review against the fast food industry, documenting how fast food rose from small, family-run businesses (like the McDonald brothers burger joint) into large, multinational corporate juggernauts whose economies of scale radically transformed agriculture, meat processing, and labor markets in the late twentieth century.While the innovations of the fast food industry gave Americans more and cheaper dining options, it has come at the price of destroying the environment, economy, and small-town communities of rural America while screen consumers from the real costs of their convenient meal, both in terms of health and the broader violation of large-scale food production and processing on workers, animals, and land. The fast food industry is popular in the United States, the witness of most of its innovation, and many major international chains are based there.Seen as symbols of U. S. dominance and perceived cultural imperialism, American fast food franchises have often been the target of Anti-globalization protests and demonstrations against the U. S. government. In 2005, for example, rioters in Karachi, Pakistan, who were initially angered because of the bombing of a Shiite mosque, destroy a KFC restaurant. 18 Legal issuesIn 2003, McDonalds was sued in a New York court by a family who claimed that the restaurant chain was trusty for their teenage daughters obesity and attendant health problems.By manipulating foods taste, sugar and fat marrow, and say their advertising to children, the suit argued that the company intentionally misleads the public about the nutritional value of its product. A judge dismissed the case, but the fast food industry dislike the publicity of its practices, particularly the way it targets children in its advertising. 19 Although further lawsuits have not materialized, the issue is kept alive in the media and semipolitical circles by those promoting the need for tort reform. 20.In response to this, the Cheeseburger Bill 21 was passed by the U. S. dwelling of Representatives in 2004 it later stalled in the U. S. Senate. The law was reintroduced in 2005, only to meet the same f ate. This law was claimed to ban frivolous lawsuits against producers and sellers of food and non-alcoholic drinks arising from obesity claims. The bill arose because of an increase in lawsuits against fast food chains by people who claimed that eating their products made them obese, disassociating themselves from any of the blame. Fast foodFast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly.While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. The term fast food was recognized in a dictionary by MerriamWebster in 1951. Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating,1 or fast food restaurants (also known as quick service restaurants). Franchise operations which are part of restaurant chains have standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations History.Pulling wheat lucre into thin strands to form lamian See also Fast food restaurant history The concept of ready-cooked food for sale is nearly connected with urban emergence. In antiquated Rome cities had street stands that sold bread, sausages and wine. Pre-modern EuropeIn the cities of roman letters antiquity, much of the urban population alert in insulae, multi-story apartment blocks, depended on food vendors for much of their meals. In the mornings, bread pissed off in wine was eaten as a quick snack and cooked vegetables and stews later inpopina, a simple type of eating establishment.3 In the Middle Ages, large towns and major urban areas such as London and genus Paris supported numerous vendors that sold assistes such as pies, pasties, flans, waffles, wafers, pancakes and cooked meats. As in Roman cities during antiquity, many of these establishments catered to those who did not have path to cook their own food, particularly sensation households. Unlike richer town dwellers, many often could not afford housing with kitchen facilities and indeed relied on fast food. Travellers, as well, such as pilgrims en route to a holy site, were among the customers.4 United Kingdom angle and chips with mushy peas In areas which had access to coastal or tidal waters, fast food would frequently include local mollusc or seafood, such as oysters or, as in London, eels. Often this seafood would be cooked directly on the quay or close by. 5 The development of trawler look foring in the mid nineteenth century would lead to the development of a British favourite slant and chips, and the first shop in 1860. 6 A blue plaque at Oldhams Tommyfield Market marks the origin of the fish and chip shop and fast food industries in Britain.6 British fast food had considerable regional variation. Sometimes the regionality of dish became part of the culture of its respective area. The content of fast food pies has varied, with poul try (such as chickens) or wildfowl commonly being used. After World War II, turkey has been used more frequently in fast food. 7 As well as its native cuisine, the UK has adopted fast food from other cultures, such as pizza, Chinese noodles, kebab, and curry. more(prenominal) recently healthier alternatives to conventional fast food have also emerged. United States.Neighboring fast food restaurant advertisement signs in Bowling Green, Kentucky for Wendys, KFC, Krystal and wetback Bell As automobiles became popular and more affordable following World War I, drive-in restaurants were introduced. The American company White Castle, founded by Billy Ingram and Walter Anderson in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, is generally credited with opening the second fast food outlet and first hamburger chain, selling hamburgers for five cents each. 8 Walter Anderson had built the first White Castle restaurant in Wichita in 1916, introducing the limited menu, high volume, low cost, high speed hamburger r estaurant.9 Among its innovations, the company allowed customers to see the food being prepared. White Castle was successful from its inception and spawned numerous competitors. Franchising was introduced in 1921 by A&W Root Beer, which franchised its distinctive syrup. Howard Johnsons first franchised the restaurant concept in the mid-1930s, formally standardizing menus, signage and advertising. 9 Curb service was introduced in the late 1920s and was mobilized in the mid-forties when carhops strapped on roller skates. 10.The United States has the largest fast food industry in the world, and American fast food restaurants are located in over 100 countries. close to 2 million U. S. workers are active in the areas of food preparation and food servicing including fast food in the USA. 11 On the go McDonalds first two-lane drive-thru was at the Rock N Roll McDonalds in Chicago.Fast food outlets are take-away or take-out providers, often with a drive-through service which allows custom ers to order and pick up food from their cars, but most also have indoor(prenominal) and/or outdoor seating areas in which the customers can eat the food on-site. Nearly from its inception, fast food has been designed to be eate.